Философия на одной ноге

Однажды Айн Рэнд спросили, сможет ли она кратко изложить основы своей философии, стоя на одной ноге. Вот что она ответила:

1. МЕТАФИЗИКА: ОБЪЕКТИВНАЯ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ

or “Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed” or “Wishing won’t make it so.”
Reality exists as an objective absolute—facts are facts, independent of man’s feelings, wishes, hopes or fears.

2. ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЯ: РАЗУМ

or “You can’t eat your cake and have it, too.”
Reason (the faculty which identifies and integrates the material provided by man’s senses) is man’s only means of perceiving reality, his only source of knowledge, his only guide to action, and his basic means of survival.

3. ЭТИКА: КОРЫСТЬ

or “Man is an end in himself.”
Man—every man—is an end in himself, not the means to the ends of others. He must exist for his own sake, neither sacrificing himself to others nor sacrificing others to himself. The pursuit of his own rational self-interest and of his own happiness is the highest moral purpose of his life.

4. ПОЛИТИКА: КАПИТАЛИЗМ

or “Give me liberty or give me death.”
The ideal political-economic system is laissez-faire capitalism. It is a system where men deal with one another, not as victims and executioners, nor as masters and slaves, but as traders, by free, voluntary exchange to mutual benefit. It is a system where no man may obtain any values from others by resorting to physical force, and no man may initiate the use of physical force against others. The government acts only as a policeman that protects man’s rights; it uses physical force only in retaliation and only against those who initiate its use, such as criminals or foreign invaders. In a system of full capitalism, there should be (but, historically, has not yet been) a complete separation of state and economics, in the same way and for the same reasons as the separation of state and church.

ЗАКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ

Если бы вы придерживались этих понятий с полной последовательностью, как основы своих убеждений, у вас была бы полная философская система, направляющая ход вашей жизни. Но чтобы придерживаться их с полной последовательностью - понять, определить, доказать и применить - требуются большие объемы размышлений. Вот почему философию нельзя обсуждать, стоя на одной ноге, равно как и стоя на двух ногах по обе стороны каждого забора. Последнее является преобладающей философской позицией сегодня, особенно в области политики.

Copyright © 1962 by Times-Mirror Company
This article has been edited by The Atlas Society. It was originally published on June 17, 1962 in the Los Angeles Times as "Ayn Rand Ties Her Beliefs to Today's World"

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